Here's a space dog pictured in From the Earth to the Moon Direct in Ninety-Seven Hours and Twenty Minutes, and a Trip Round It by Jules Verne, 1874.

Today animals are used as test subjects in space travel, but it used to be cherubs (up until the religious lobby stepped in).  From A History of the Growth of the Steam-Engine by Robert Henry Thurston, 1878.

From the Earth to the Moon Direct in Ninety-Seven Hours and Twenty Minutes, and a Trip Round It by Jules Verne, 1874.

"The 'Sirius' ... boldly outlines against the sky."  From Fifteen Hundred Miles an Hour by Charles Dixon, 1895.

"Alone in space."  From Fifteen Hundred Miles an Hour by Charles Dixon, 1895.

A precursor to the Death Star's approach to Alderaan? From The Deer Smellers of Haunted Mountain by John J. Meyer (1921).  The caption reads: "Approaching the perfect world."

An illustration from a 1912 issue of Harper's magazine.  The caption reads: "I'm going to the moon, because that's where you and me came from."

Staring into the depths: an illustration from an 1893 issue of Cosmopolitan magazine.  The caption reads: "Behold, where we shall be tomorrow!"