From the Journal of Borderland Research, Vol XLV.

"Colors have personalities."  From Stage Costuming by Agnes Brooks Young, 1927.

"Beautiful blue: a colour that will capture the world."  From The Children's Newspaper, 1936.

From Elements of Interior Decoration by Augustus Sherrill Whiton, 1944.

The phrase "the grand crayon of Arizona” is, inexplicably, a Googlewhack.  Yet the great gorge in Arizona is, indeed, a crayon box of colors, as JCE has proven:

The color of God is "white of god red black and everything."  From Visions of Gerard by Jack Kerouac, 1963.

It's a Googlewhack to this day: "To see how color flies through kaleidoscopic eyes, you must start the spinning gyre and consure each day in fire."  From Hollins' 1962 yearbook.

Though Wikipedia won't tell you this, "Lavender's Blue," the old English folk song, was the original "[You Say Tomato, I Say To-mah-to,] Let's Call the Whole Thing Off."  "Lavender's blue, dilly dilly, lavender's green."  Only in the folk song, they don't call the whole thing off just because they can't agree about the color of lavender.  Interestingly, the lyrics in the 1670s version began with the colors the other way around: "Lavender's green, diddle, diddle, lavender's blue," so the first rhyme used to be about "you" and not a once or future "queen."

The sky is red?  We did some digging, and it's true!  The Sky Isn't Blue (Janice Lee).  

From The Sky is Red by Jean Milner, 1935.

Folks with red-green color blindness may rest assured that they aren't missing much in this colorfully insensitive illustration.  From Nebelspalter, 1958.

There are some amazing color names here (see the lower half of each column).  From Washington University's 1909 yearbook.

You've heard of "blue rainbow" trout, but here's the blue rainbow they're named after.  From the West Chester yearbook of 1964.

Life in black.  From Le Journal Amusant, 1921.

Light and dark (and the reverse).  From Bulbs and Bulb Culture by David Taylor Fish, 1877.

Magic, White and Black by Franz Hartmann, 1890.  See The Young Wizard's Hexopedia.